Making Positive Changes
The Cardiac Rehabilitation Practitioner will discuss what it may be in your lifestyle or health history that has contributed to you developing coronary heart disease. These are known as risk factors, as many risk factors can be reduced through lifestyle changes. You can hugely reduce the risk of further heart problems by making healthier lifestyle changes, taking the prescribed tablets and by having further treatments.
People who have heart disease and make changes to their lifestyle often enjoy a much healthier and more fulfilled life than before diagnosis.
The causes of heart disease are similar to many other causes of ill health. Making changes in your lifestyle not only reduces your risk of further heart problems but improves your overall well-being.
People who develop heart disease are usually exposed to a number of risk factors which affect the heart and its function. Some risk factors cannot be changed and are out of our control, these are: age, family history, male gender and being of Southern Asian origin.
The risk factors we can reduce and change are:
- smoking
- high cholesterol
- high blood pressure
- diabetes
- obesity
- low activity levels
You are more likely to maintain any changes by choosing one thing at a time to focus on rather than changing everything at once. The risk factors are listed in order of importance, so try tackling them in order on this page.
Smoking
Stopping smoking is the single most positive change you can make to benefit your heart. From as little as 20 minutes after stopping, your risk begins to fall. One of the effects of smoking is that it damages the lining of the artery walls which makes it easier for cholesterol to be taken up, this causes the arteries to narrow.
Some tips to help you keep quit:
- make a date to stop and stick to it
- keep busy (write a list of things to do to fill your time)
- drink plenty of fluids
- increase activity level
- think positively
- change your routine
- make no excuses to stop
- treat yourself if you don’t have a cigarette
- be careful what you eat
- take each day at a time
- seek support from family and friends
- it’s never too late to stop!
Get Healthy Rotherham can offer you support and patients can refer themselves online.
01709 718720
There are a variety of nicotine replacement therapies or medications available to help ease the withdrawal, boost confidence and morale and lessen the urge to smoke. Alternatively you can go to your GP, practice nurse or pharmacy.
High cholesterol
High cholesterol levels increase the speed at which the arteries narrow. This is influenced by the amount of saturated fats in the diet.
Animal fats, lard and dairy products such as butter, hard cheeses and creams are saturated fats.
Cholesterol levels can be lowered by reducing overall fat intake, choosing lower fat options and changing the type of fats you use.
Polyunsaturated fats such as sunflower or corn oil or monounsaturated fats such as olive and rapeseed oil are better for you.
When cooking grill or bake rather than frying. Limit the amount of takeaway food you eat.
Choose oat based or whole grain cereals and increase fruit and vegetables to five a day as these help absorb and remove cholesterol from the body.
Drugs called ‘Statins’ also help reduce cholesterol levels.
Alcohol
Men and women are advised not to drink more than 14 units a week. This equates to 14 single measures of spirits (ABV 37.5%) or, 7 pints of average-strength (4%) lager, or 7 x 175ml glasses of average-strength (12%) wine; with 2-3 units a day for a woman and 3-4 units a day for a man with a few days off a week.
Keeping to recommended guidelines and having a few alcohol free days a week, also means a lower risk of other illness such as liver disease and cancer.
Drinking above the recommended guidelines can increase one of the fats measured as part of your cholesterol.
High blood pressure
Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, your blood pressure should be below 140/90mmHg. However if you have coronary heart disease or a had a heart attack, then it is usually recommended that your blood pressure should be below 130/80mmHg.
Drugs play a large part in controlling blood pressure but diet and exercise make a big impact too. Once controlled, see your doctor or nurse specialist about starting exercise.
Changes in diet such as reducing salt consumption, caffeine and alcohol intake will improve your blood pressure, as well as stopping smoking and losing weight.
Reducing blood pressure lowers the stress and demand on the heart.
Diabetes
Diabetes can be controlled by diet, tablets or insulin. Well controlled diabetes is less likely to cause long term heart problems.
Type II diabetes is often associated with higher cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and obesity.
A small reduction in these reduces blood glucose levels and the risk of diabetic problems. You should be seen regularly by your practice nurse.
Obesity
Obesity is best managed by diet, exercise and, in some situations, medication. Just a 10% reduction in weight can bring huge health benefits.
A healthy diet of balanced foods and controlled portion size is the key. Try to increase fruit and vegetables to five a day and cut down on fats.
It is better to grill and cook at home instead of using ready meals or takeaways as these contain a lot of hidden fat and calories. Alcohol is high in calories and should also be reduced.
Choose whole grain or brown over white carbohydrate options as these take longer to digest, making you feel fuller for longer.
Low activity levels
Low activity levels have a bad effect on all other risk factors. Light activity around the house or garden at frequent intervals during the day is a good starting point.
Walking is a very effective way to keep fit. Once you are well enough you should try to build up to 30 minutes most days of the week, these can be broken in to shorter more frequent sessions.
It is important to build up gradually and listen to your body. If you are still waiting for test results or procedures it is important you follow the guidance of your doctor.
The Physical Activity and Exercise After a Heart Attack booklet provides a good guide on how to build up exercise and activity levels.